Everything about Trophoblast totally explained
Trophoblasts (from
Greek threphein: to feed, and
blastos: germinator) are cells forming the outer layer of a
blastocyst, which provide nutrients to the
embryo and develop into a large part of the
placenta. They are formed during the first stage of
pregnancy and are the first cells to
differentiate from the
fertilized egg.
Function
Trophoblasts are invasive, eroding, and
metastasizing cells of the
placenta.
Trophoblasts mediate the implantation of the embryo into the
endometrium, but they're never incorporated into the mother's body or the
fetus. They are not "fetal" cells.
Trophoblasts become inert during pregnancy and are completely rejected by the fetus and mother at delivery. They can be seen as the thin membrane covering the fetus at birth, the
caul.
Differentiation
The trophoblast proliferates and differentiates into 2 cell layers:
Pathology
The invasion of a specific type of trophoblast (extravillous trophoblast) into the maternal
uterus is a vital stage in the establishment of
pregnancy:
- Failure of the trophoblast to invade sufficiently may be important in the development of some cases of pre-eclampsia.
- Too firm an attachment may lead to placenta accreta.
Additional images
Image:Gray10.png|Blastodermic vesicle of Vespertilio murinus.
Image:Gray11.png|Section through embryonic disk of Vespertilio murinus.
Image:Gray35.png|Transverse section of a chorionic villus.
Image:Gray39.png|Scheme of placental circulation.
Further Information
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